Everything about The Walker Circulation totally explained
The
Walker circulation - an idealized air flow which forms, on average, zonal
atmospheric circulation of air at the
equator and its proximity. It is caused by differences in heat distribution between ocean and land. It was discovered by
Gilbert Walker. Since then several meridional cells were characterized in the tropical atmosphere.
Oceanic effects
Walker cell is indirectly related to
upwelling off the coasts of
Peru and
Ecuador. This brings nutrient-rich cold water to the surface, increasing fishing stocks.
El Niño
pressure gradient force that results from a
high pressure system over the eastern Pacific ocean, and a
low pressure system over
Indonesia. When the Walker circulation weakens or reverses, an
El Niño results, causing the ocean surface to be warmer than average, as upwelling of cold water occurs less or not at all. An especially strong Walker circulation causes a
La Niña, resulting in cooler ocean temperatures due to increased upwelling.
A scientific study published in May 2006 in the journal
Nature indicates that the Walker circulation has been slowing since the mid-19th Century. The authors argue that global warming is a likely causative factor in the weakening of the wind pattern.
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